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Objective: To explore the value of paraquat (PQ) intake, urine protein and myocardial enzyme indexes in judging the prognosis of patients with acute PQ poisoning. Methods: From September to December 2021, all 201 patients with acute PQ poisoning admitted to Guangzhou Twelfth People's Hospital from January 2010 to December 2019 were selected as the research objects. Based on follow-up results 60 days after poisoning, the research objects were divided into survival group (n=78) and death group (n=123) . The differences in information about poisoning, treatment plan, PQ intake, urine protein, creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase between the two groups of patients were compared and analyzed. Logistic regression and Cox regression were used to analyze the correlation between poisoning outcome and PQ intake, urine protein and myocardial enzymes. ROC curve and principal component analysis were used to explore high-efficiency indicators for predicting the outcome of acute PQ poisoning. Results: The PQ intake[50 (20, 100) ml], urine protein (total rank 15570.50) , creatine kinase[ (336.36±261.96) U/L], creatine kinase isoenzyme[ (43.91±43.74) U/L], lactate dehydrogenase [ (346.01±196.50) U/L], α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase content[ (271.23±11.92) U/L] of patients in the death group were all higher than the survival group[15 (10, 20) ml, 4730.50, (187.78±178.06) U/L, (18.88±15.50) U/L, (190.92±60.50) U/L, (152.60±48.34) U/L, respectively] (P<0.05) . The outcome of acute PQ poisoning was positively correlated with PQ intake, urine protein, creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (P<0.05) . Multivariate logistic regression and multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase was positively correlated with the prognosis of patients with acute PQ poisoning (P<0.05) . ROC curve analysis and principal component analysis showed that the combined indexes of PQ intake, urine protein and myocardial enzymes had the highest efficacy and weight in judging the prognosis of patients (AUC=0.91, weight coefficient=0.19, sensitivity=0.76, specificity=0.89) . When the combined score was ≥4, the probability of accurately predicting the death of patients was as high as 91% (positive predictive value=0.91) . Conclusion: PQ intake, urine protein combined with creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase has high value in predicting the prognosis of patients with acute PQ poisoning.
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Humans , Creatine , Creatine Kinase , Isoenzymes , Lactate Dehydrogenases , Paraquat/poisoning , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Myocardium/enzymology , Urine/chemistryABSTRACT
Objective:To optimize proportion of couplet medicine of Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix in the treatment of anti-depression, and to explore the possible antidepressant mechanism of this couplet medicine. Method:The dosages of Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix in the 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia were taken.According to U7(72) uniform design table, Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix were carried out into 7 groups.The chronic unpredictable mild depression model mice were induced by intragastric administration of decoction of this couplet medicine and the antidepressant effect was observed by the behavior tests, which included sucrose preference test, tail suspension test, forced swimming test and open field test(crossing scores).The regression equations were established by selecting the effective indexes.The experiments of retest were taken to check the results and the possible antidepressant mechanism was primarily investigated by measuring the phosphorylation level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)-response element binding protein(CREB) and expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF). Result:Compared with the blank group, sucrose preference rate of the model group was significantly decreased(PPPPPPPPPPPPPPConclusion:Compatibility of Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix can ameliorate depressive-like behavior of model mice, and the best antidepressant compatibility proportion of Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix is 1:1, the optimal amounts of them are about 5 g.The antidepressant effect may relate to promoting phosphorylation level of CREB and the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus.
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Cognitive dysfunction of diabetes mellitus is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus. Its clinical manifestations include decreased memory ability, learning ability, language expression and comprehension ability, and inattention. The pathogenesis is complex, which is related to various factors such as abnormal glucose metabolism, abnormal lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, abnormal phosphorylation of Tau protein, inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, cholinergic system injury, neuronal cell apoptosis, et al. Although traditional hypoglycemic drugs such as metformin and glibenclamide have a little effect in controlling diabetic cognitive impairment, but there has no effective drugs for this disease which causes a heavy burden on families and society. The concepts of holism and preventing disease of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)have obvious advantages in delaying the occurrence and development the complications.TCM believes that the basic pathogenesis of diabetic cognitive dysfunction is based on deficiency complicated with excess. The therapeutic principles includes tonifying the kidney essence, reinforcing Qi and nourishing Yin, dissipating phlegm for resuscitation, and promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis.In recent years, there have been a lot of research achievements on the prevention and treatment of cognitive dysfunction in diabetes mellitus with TCM. Researchers of TCM do abundant researches, and find that TCM can improve cognitive dysfunction by lowering blood glucose,promoting intracellular cholesterol excretion, improving insulin resistance, lowering p-Tau, anti-oxidative stress, inhibiting inflammatory reactions, improving the function of cholinergic nerve, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. The article reviews the experimental research on the prevention and treatment of cognitive dysfunction of diabetes mellitus by TCM and its extracts and reveals the target and mechanism, in order to provide sufficient scientific basis for TCM to prevent cognitive dysfunction of diabetes mellitus.
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Objective: To investigate the effect of modified Gegen Qinlian Tang on learning and memory ability and interleukin-1β(IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) protein expression in hippocampus of type 2 diabetic (T2DM) rats. Method: A total of 62 rats were randomly divided into normal group (n=12),and the remaining 50 rats were established by feeding high sugar and high fat diet and injecting with low dosage of streptozocin(STZ) to T2DM. The successful modeling rats were selected and randomly divided into model group, Saxagliptin and modified Gegen Qinlian Tang group. The normal group and the model group received 10 mL·kg-1·d-1 nomal saline by intragastric administration. 0.005 g·kg-1·d-1 Saxagliptin crude drug and 0.435 g·kg-1·d-1 modified Gegen Qinlian Tang crude drug were given in Saxagliptin group and modified Gegen Qinlian Tang group, and all the treatment lasted for 8 weeks. Learning and memory ability of rats was observed by using Morris water maze. Histopathological changes of hippocampus was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Western blot was used to test the NF-κB p65 in the cytoplasmic and nucleus in rat hippocampus. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was used to test the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. Result: Compared with normal group, the mean incubation period of model group was significantly prolonged on the 4th day(PPκB p65 in the nucleus was significantly increased (Pβ, TNF-α in the hippocampus were significantly increased (PPPPPβ, TNF-α and NF-κB p65 in hippocampus were significantly improved. Conclusion: Modified Gegen Qinlian Tang could obviously improve the learning and memory ability of the T2DM rat model which was induced by the high-sugar, high-lipid diet and low-dose STZ, and the mechanism may be achieved by suppressing the inflammation of the rat' s hippocampus.
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AIM:To perform a new method for orbital implant and contracted socket through one time and its results. ·METHODS:Totally 114 patients 114 eyes, from January 2008 to June 2014, with contracted socket participated in this study. We incised the bulbar conjunctiva horizontally and excised scar tissue, then implanted the hydroxyapatite in the four extraocular muscles and tightly sutured the Tenon ' capsule. After that, we put the superior and inferior conjunctival petals backwards and sutured them to the Tenon ' s capsule. All the patients were divided into four groups according to the vertical diameter length of the conjunctival defect area:GroupⅠ:≤5mm; Group Ⅱ: 6-10mm; Group Ⅲ: 11-15mm; and Group Ⅳ: ≥16mm. These patients were followed up for 6mo to 3y to observe the conjunctival sac shaping and growth of conjunctiva. ·RESULTS:There were 64 cases in GroupⅠ, 31 cases in Group Ⅱ, 16 cases in Group Ⅲ and 3 cases in Group Ⅳ. All patients ' conjunctival defect was covered by new conjunctiva and scar tissue 4 to 6wk after surgeries. Ten cases had contracted socket; 2 cases had orbital implant exposure, requiring reoperation. Of the 114 cases, 8 had contracted socket and could use a smaller conformer, 106 could use a normal size conformer. ·CONCLUSION: When the conjunctival defect was ≤15mm, this new method can address the orbital implant and contracted socket at the same time. While it was ≥16mm, flap transplantation is necessary.
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OBJECTIVE: To establish a detection method for 1-bromopropane in human urine by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry( GC-MS). METHODS: A 4. 00 m L portion of the urine sample was placed in a 15. 00 m L headspace vial and 20. 00 μL of 1-bromobutane internal standard solution( 204. 200 mg / L mass concentration) was added.The bottle cap was immediately sealed. The sample was heated to 80 ℃ with an equilibrium time of 20 minutes in the headspace device. The vapor in the headspace vial was separated by GSBP-FFAP( 30. 00 m × 0. 25 mm × 0. 25 μm)capillary chromatography column and the ion was used to carry out quantitative determination of 1-bromopropane in human urine. RESULTS: The good linearity range of 1-bromopropan mass concentration was 0. 025-1. 012 mg / L, and the correlation coefficient was 0. 999 8. The detection limit was 7. 5 μg / L( urine sample volume,4. 00 m L) and the limit of quantitation was 25. 0 μg / L( urine sample volume,4. 00 m L). The relative standard deviation( RSD) of within-run precision was 2. 61%-4. 08%,and the RSD of between-run precision was 2. 79%-6. 25%. The average recovery rate was99. 34%-105. 94%. CONCLUSION: The method of determining 1-bromopropane in human urine by headspace GC-MS has the features of high sensitivity,good linear relationship,low interference,good precision and easy operation,which is suitable for detecting 1-bromopropane mass concentration in human urine.
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OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for simultaneous detection of 5 anticoagulant rodenticides including brodifacoum, bromadiolone, flocoumafen, warfarin and difenacoum in whole blood by high-performance liquid chromatogarphy. METHODS: The 0. 5 m L of blood sample was extracted by 2. 0 m L ethyl acetate,then separated by Diamonsil C18 column( 250. 0 mm × 4. 6 mm × 5. 0 μm) using acid-ammonium acetate( 20. 0 mmol / L,p H = 5. 5) /methyl alcohol( 2∶ 8,V / V) as a mobile phase and detected by diode-array detector under the ultraviolet spectrum of 310 nm through high-performance liquid chromatogarphy. RESULTS: The good linear range of the 5 anticoagulant rodenticides was0. 50-10. 00 mg / L,and the correlation coefficients were > 0. 999 00. The detection limits of brodifacoum,bromadiolone,flocoumafen,warfarin and difenacoum were 0. 08,0. 06,0. 09,0. 04 and 0. 10 mg / L and the lower limits of quantitation were 0. 79,0. 58,0. 92,0. 45 and 0. 96 mg / L,respectively. The recovery rate was 98. 40%-104. 00%. The within-run relative standard deviation( RSD) was 0. 61%-7. 84%,and the between-run RSD was 1. 10%-9. 62%. The samples can be stored for 14 days in the refrigerator at 4 ℃. CONCLUSION: The method has advantages of simple operation,good separating effect,high sensitivity,precision and accuracy,which is suitable for detection of whole blood samples in rodenticide poisoning patients.
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<p><b>PURPOSE</b>The intraorbital wooden foreign body is often misdiagnosed or missed on computed tomog- raphy (CT) scan, due to the invisible or unclear images. The residual foreign bodies often occur during surgical removal. The clinical manifestations, imaging features and treatment of intraorbital wooden foreign bodies were discussed in this study.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>We retrospectively analyzed 14 cases of intraorbital wooden foreign bodies managed at our hospital between January 2007 and May 2015. All patients underwent orbital CT examination before surgery, and surgery was performed under general anesthesia with orbital wound debridement and suture, as well as exploration and removal of wooden foreign bodies.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At first, 11 cases underwent removal of foreign bodies, including 1 case with incomplete removal and then receiving a secondary surgery. Foreign bodies were not found in three cases with preoperative misdiagnosis and orbital MRI found residual foreign bodies in the orbit. Operations were performed via primary wound approach in eight cases, conjunctival approach in two cases, and anterior orbitotomy in four cases. Postoperatively, one case was complicated with eye injuries, three cases with ocular muscle injuries, eight cases with visual loss, and eight cases with orbital abscess. The length of foreign bodies ranged from 1.8 cm to 11.0 cm. The maximum of four foreign bodies were removed at the same time.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Because the imaging of orbital wooden foreign bodies is complex and varied, MRI should be combined when they are invisible on CT scan. At the same time injuries trajectory and clinical mani- festations of patients should be taken into account. Surgical exploration should be extensive and thor- ough, and foreign bodies and orbital abscess must be cleared.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Eye Foreign Bodies , Diagnostic Imaging , General Surgery , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , WoodABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the hemodynamic effects between the two established anesthetic managements: thoracic epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia (TEA + GA) as well as total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-four patients undergoing major abdominal operation were randomized to TEA + GA (n = 22) group or TIVA (n = 22) group. After thoracic epidural catheterization, the anesthesia induction and endotracheal intubation was made and a standard anesthesia procedure was administered for both groups. In TEA + GA group, the patients received thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) with 0.25% bupivacaine (bolus 0.5 mg/kg firstly and then infused continuously with 0. 2 ml x kg(-1) x h(-1)). While in TIVA group, the patients received 0.9% saline via epidural catheter just with the same bolus volume and same infusion rate as in TEA + GA group. The parameters monitored were as follows: ECG, systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), heart rate (HR), central venous pressure, cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), pulse oximetry and PetCO2. Blood gas analysis was made as needed. The observation time for both groups was 90 min.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After epidural infusion of bupicacaine (TEA + GA group) or saline (TIVA group), SAP, DAP, HR and SVR in TEA + GA group were statistically decreased in comparing with the baseline, and SAP, DAP, MAP and SVR were also decreased significantly when compared with those in TIVA group (P < or = 0.05). However, CI and SV in TEA + GA group changed little and showed no statistical differences in comparing with those in TIVA group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study gives evidences that TEA in combination with GA had no negative effects on cardiac functions. The decrease of blood pressure may possibly be caused by the reduction of systemic vascular resistance.</p>
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Humans , Abdomen , General Surgery , Anesthesia, Epidural , Anesthesia, General , Anesthesia, Intravenous , Hemodynamics , PhysiologyABSTRACT
This paper aims at providing an up-to-date review of principle and application of various tonometers, and analyzes the new techniques of diurnal IOP monitoring and design of sensor system abroad. Requirements and test methods for GB/T 14710-93.
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Equipment Design , Intraocular Pressure , Tonometry, Ocular , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the pharmacokinetics of hylotelephin in Beagle dogs and obtain the main pharmacokinetic parameters.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An HPLC method with UV detection was developed to study the pharmacokinetics of hylotelephin in dogs by joining an internal standard (anthracene). Benzoyl chloride was used to the pre-column derivatization of hylotelephin and methanol-water (64:36) was used as the mobile phase. According to the 3P97 pharmacokinetic program, the main parameters were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The hylotelephin pharmacokinetics conforms to a two-compartment open model after a single iv dose of hylotelephin 10.6 or 21.3 mg x kg(-1) in Beagle dogs. The parameters of two groups were as follows: T(1/2) alpha were 2.3 and 2.1 min, T(1/2) beta were 1.9 and 2.0 h, K12 were 0. 12 and 0.11 min, K21 were 0.17 and 0.21 min, K10 were 0.011 and 0.0094 min, Vc were 0.54 and 0.54 L x kg(-1), AUC were 1.8 and 4.1 g x min x L(-1), CL were 0.0048 and 0.0056 L x kg(-1) x min(-1), MRT were 2.10 and 2.4 h, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pharmacokinetics of hylotelephin after iv administration showed a rapid distribution and elimination process in Beagle dogs and was of first order kinetics.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Male , Antiviral Agents , Chemistry , Pharmacokinetics , Area Under Curve , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Crassulaceae , Chemistry , Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring , Chemistry , Pharmacokinetics , Molecular Structure , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Spectrophotometry, UltravioletABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate operative effects of a new method to reconstruct anterior crucial ligament (ACL) and posterior crucial ligament (PCL) simultaneously by using patellar tendon under arthroscopy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From November 1999 to November 2003, the injured ACL and PCL of 11 patients were fixated with compressed screws and reconstructed under arthroscopy with the bone-patellar tendon-bone treated with deep hypothermia andgamma radiation. At the same time, 2 patients were treated with medial collateral ligament (MCL) reconstruction, 3 with lateral collateral ligament (LCL) reconstruction, 1 with meniscus suture and 4 with whole or partial resection.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up for 12-26 months (average 16.5 months). The Lysholm score method was employed to evaluate the knee function. The average preoperative score was 45.3 and the postoperative score was 86.4. Anterior drawer test (ADT) was positive in 11 knees preoperatively and feeble positive in one knee postoperatively. Lachman test was positive in 11 knees preoperatively and in one postoperatively, and feebly positive in two postoperatively. Posterior drawer test was positive in 11 knees preoperatively and feebly positive in 2 postoperatively. There were 2 knees with tolerable pain and 2 with knee flexion of 5-20.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>As for simultaneous reconstruction of ACL and PCL under arthroscopy, allogeneic bone-patellar tendon-bone can not only avoid injury and complication caused by autografting, but also help rehabilitation of the knee function.</p>
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) V3 loop amino acid mutations among HIV-1 infected people in Liaoning province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The whole blood samples of the HIV carriers and AIDS patients were collected in Liaoning province, China and were extracted PBMC genome DNA. HIV-1 V3 and flanking region sequences were amplified by nest-polymerase chain reaction (nest-PCR) with env specific primers: ED5/ED12 and ED31/ED33. Products were sequenced directly and sequences were aligned, translated and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In AIDS group, some amino acid mutations at specific position of V3 loop: S to R at position 11, H to S, T and N at position 13, A to V at position 19, F to Y at position 20, Q or D to N at position 25 and 29, were found and all common mutations were associated with T tropic/SI phenotype. The frequency of such amino acid mutations in specific positions was higher in AIDS group than that of the asymptomatic infection group (P < 0.05). In addition, we found some unusual tetramer compositions on the tip of V3 loop: GQGR, APGR and RPGA, GLGR, RPGA in addition to some rare mutations, such as: N to H at position 5 and H to S, F at position 34.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The amino acid mutations on the V3 loop of HIV-1 epidemic in Liaoning province were in agreement with the results of subtype B, but we observed some rare mutations and unusual tetramer compositions on the tip of V3 loop.</p>